Phantsi kwegwebu eliqhumayo lebhiya ye-amber kukho ubutyebi bezityalo obungajongelwanga phantsi. Kwangenkulungwane yesi-9 AD, yayisetyenziswa njengesigcini sendalo ngabapheki bebhiya baseYurophu. Kule mihla, iye yaba yinto ekrwada efunekayo ekuphekeni ibhiya ngenxa yobukrakra bayo obukhethekileyo kunye nevumba layo. Olu hlobo lwesityalo yi-hops.
1. IiHops: Isixhobo somlingo sokwenza ubhiya
IHop (Humulus lupulus), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-snake hop, sisityalo esikhula ixesha elide sosapho lweCannabaceae kwaye sinokukhula sibe ngaphezu kweemitha ezisi-7. Ineentyantyambo ezixineneyo zekhoni, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cones ngokwezityalo kwaye zenziwe ngamacembe e-resin athambileyo, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Xa sele zivuthiwe, ii-cones zehops zigqunywe zii-anthocyanin glands ezikhupha i-resin kunye neeoyile ezibalulekileyo, nto leyo edala incasa ekhethekileyo kunye nevumba elimnandi lohlobo lwehop. Ii-hop cones zihlala zivunwa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti okanye ngoSeptemba.
Iihops bezisetyenziswa njengeyeza ukususela kumaxesha amandulo aseJiphutha. Ngexesha lamaRoma, iihops zazisetyenziselwa ukuphucula izifo zesibindi kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-13, iihops bezithathwa njengeyeza elifanelekileyo lokuphucula umkhuhlane kunye nezifo zepleen kummandla wama-Arabhu.
Ukusetyenziswa kweehops kwibhiya kunokulandelwa emva eYurophu ngenkulungwane yesi-9 AD. Ekuqaleni, zongezwa kwibhiya ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokugcina ukutya ukuze zandise ixesha lokuphelelwa. Ngexesha leMinyaka Ephakathi, abenzi bebhiya kwiimonasteri zaseJamani bafumanisa ukuba inokulinganisela ubumnandi be-malt, inike ibhiya incasa evuselelayo kunye nevumba elimnandi, yaza ngaloo ndlela yamisela indawo yayo ephambili ekwenzeni ibhiya. Namhlanje, malunga ne-98% yeehops ezikhulisweyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokwenza ibhiya, kwaye i-United States yeyona mveliso inkulu yehlabathi yeehops.
2. Ayipheleli nje ekuphekeni, iihops zinemiphumo emininzi eluncedo
Iihops, ngenxa yobukrakra bazo obukhethekileyo kunye nevumba lazo, ziye zaba zizinto eziyimfuneko kakhulu ekuphekeni ibhiya. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lazo lidlula lee oku.
Uphando lwanamhlanje lufumanise ukuba ii-hops ziqulathe ii-α-acids (ikakhulu i-humulone) kunye nee-β-acids (ikakhulu i-humulone), ii-flavonols (i-quercetin kunye ne-kaempferol), ii-flavonoid 3-oils (ikakhulu ii-catechins, ii-epicatechins kunye nee-proanthocyanidins), ii-phenolic acids (i-ferulic acid), kunye nenani elincinci le-isoprene flavonoids (i-fulvic acid). Phakathi kwazo, ii-alpha acids kunye nee-beta acids zezona mithombo ziphambili zokuba krakra kwee-hops.
Ukuncedisa ukulala: I-Humulone kwi-hops inokubopha kwi-GABA receptors, inciphise ixhala kwaye ikhuthaze ubuthongo. I-GABA kwi-hops inokunyusa umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter GABA, ngaloo ndlela ithintele inkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi. Uvavanyo lwemodeli yezilwanyana lubonisa ukuba i-concentration ye-hop extract ye-2-milligram inokunciphisa ngempumelelo umsebenzi wasebusuku kwisigqi se-circadian. Ukuqukumbela, isiphumo sokuthomalalisa se-hops silawulwa ngumsebenzi ophuculweyo we-GABA receptors, ezinoxanduva lokudluliselwa kwe-synaptic okukhawulezileyo engqondweni. Okwangoku, abantu badla ngokudibanisa i-hops ne-valerian ukwenza iti yokuzola.
Iziphumo ze-Antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory: IiHops ziqulathe ii-biomolecules ezine-antioxidant ephezulu efana ne-flavonols, i-rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), kunye ne-astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), ezinokuthintela ngempumelelo umonakalo ovela kwiintlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo. Ukongeza, i-xanthol kwi-hops inokususa ii-free radicals, ithintele indlela ye-NF-κB, kwaye inciphise ukudumba okungapheliyo (okufana ne-arthritis).
I-antibacterial: Ukususela eYiputa yamandulo, ii-hops bezisetyenziswa ukugcina ukutya. I-α-acid ekrakra kunye ne-β-acid ezikwii-hops zinomsebenzi wokulwa neentsholongwane kwaye zinokuthintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Enterococcus faecalis, i-Staphylococcus epidermococcus, i-Streptococcus mutans kunye ne-Gram-positive bacteria. Esi sisizathu sokuba ibhiya ibisoloko ikhuselekile kunamanzi okusela. Ukongeza ekuyinikeni iipropati zokulwa neentsholongwane, i-alpha-acid ikwanceda ukugcina uzinzo lwe-foam yebhiya.
Ukuxhasa impilo yabasetyhini: I-Hop isoprenylnaringin (evela kwi-fulminol kunye neziphumo zayo) inokubuyisela ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-17-β -estradiol ngexesha lokuya exesheni. Amalungiselelo e-Hop aqulethe i-8-isoprenylnaringin, enye yee-phytoestrogens ezinamandla ezaziwa kwizityalo. Amalungiselelo e-Hop angasetyenziswa njengendawo yendalo ye-phytoestrogens ngexesha lokuya exesheni kubasetyhini ukunciphisa ubushushu, ukungalali kunye nokutshintsha kweemvakalelo. Uphononongo olubandakanya abafazi abangama-63 lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamalungiselelo e-hop kunokunciphisa iimpawu ze-vasomotor ezinxulumene nokuya exesheni kunye nobushushu.
Ukukhusela imithambo-luvo: Uphando lufumanise ukuba ii-hop terpenes zinokungena kumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho, zikhusele imithambo-luvo, zibonelele ngokhuseleko oluchasene nokuvuvukala kwengqondo, kwaye zinciphise uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba i-hop isoalphaic acid inokuphucula inkumbulo exhomekeke kwi-hippocampal kunye nemisebenzi yokuqonda enxulumene ne-prefrontal cortex ngokusebenzisa i-dopamine neural transmission. I-asidi ekrakra kwi-hops inokuphucula ukusebenza kwememori ngendlela elawulwa yi-norepinephrine neurotransmission. I-hop isoalphaic acid inokunciphisa i-neuroinflammation kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zesifo se-rodent neurodegenerative, kubandakanya nesifo se-Alzheimer.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kweehops
Idatha kaMordor ibonisa ukuba ubungakanani bemarike ye-hop buqikelelwa ukuba buziibhiliyoni ezili-9.18 zeerandi zaseMelika ngo-2025 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-12.69 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zaseMelika ngo-2030, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esidibeneyo se-6.70% ngexesha lexesha eliqikelelweyo (2025-2030). Iqhutywa kukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwebhiya, umkhwa webhiya yobugcisa kunye nophuhliso lweentlobo ezintsha ze-hop, imarike ye-hop kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula.
Impilo yeJustgood
Ukutsibaikhaphu yemifunosele iqalisiwe. Le mveliso inefuthe lokuthomalalisa kwaye inceda ekulaleni.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-24-2025