Phantsi kogwebu oluvuthuzayo lwebhiya ye-amber kukho ubutyebi besityalo obungacingelwayo. Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-9 AD, yayisetyenziswa njengesigcini sendalo ngabavelisi baseYurophu. Kule mihla, iye yaba yinto eyimfuneko ekudidiyeleni ibhiya ngobukrakra obukhethekileyo kunye nevumba layo. Olu hlobo lwesityalo ziihops.
1. IiHops: Isixhobo somlingo sokwenza ibhiya
IHop (Humulus lupulus), nekwaziwa njenge snake hop, sisityalo esihlala sinyuka sosapho lwe Cannabaceae kwaye sinokukhula sibe ngaphezu kwe 7 yeemitha. Ine-inflorescences eshinyeneyo yeconical, ebizwa ngokuba ziicones ngokwebhotani kwaye yenziwe ngamagqabi athambileyo, aluhlaza alula eresin. Xa sele zikhulile, iicones zehops zogqunywa ngamadlala e-anthocyanin akhupha intlaka kunye nee-oyile ezibalulekileyo, idala incasa eyodwa kunye nevumba elimnandi lodidi lwe hop. Iicones zeHop zihlala zivunwa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti okanye ngoSeptemba.
Iihops bezisetyenziswa njengeyeza lonyango ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo aseYiputa. Ngexesha lamaRoma, iihops zazisetyenziselwa ukuphucula izifo zesibindi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokugaya. Ukusukela ngenkulungwane ye-13, iihops ziye zathathwa njengeyeza elilungileyo lokuphucula umkhuhlane kunye nezifo ze-spleen kummandla wama-Arabhu.
Ukusetyenziswa kweehops kwibhiya kunokulandwa emva eYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-9 AD. Ekuqaleni, zongezwa kwibhiya ngenxa yeepropati zabo zokulondoloza ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu. Ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi, abenzi botywala kwiimonki zaseJamani bafumanisa ukuba inokulinganisa ubumnandi bemalt, inike ibhiya ngobukrakra obuhlaziyayo kunye nevumba elimnandi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela yaseka indawo yayo ephambili ekusetyenzweni kwebhiya. Namhlanje, malunga ne-98% yeehops ezilinywayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokwenza ibhiya, kwaye i-United States lelona lizwe livelisa iihops ezinkulu kwihlabathi.
2. Ayiphelelanga ekuvutheni utywala, iihops zineempembelelo ezininzi eziluncedo
Iihops, ezinobukrakra obukhethekileyo kunye nevumba lazo, ziye zaba zizinto eziyimfuneko ekwenzeni ibhiya. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso layo lidlulela ngaphaya koku.
Uphando lwangoku lufumene ukuba iihops ziqulethe i-α -acids (ikakhulu i-humulone) kunye ne-β -acids (ingakumbi i-humulone), i-flavonols (i-quercetin kunye ne- kaempferol), i-flavonoid 3-oyile (ingakumbi i-catechins, i-epicatechins kunye ne-proanthocyanidins), i-phenolic acids (i-ferulic acid), kunye ne-isoprenevo ye-asidi encinci ye-isoprenevo. Phakathi kwazo, i-alpha acids kunye ne-beta acids yimithombo ephambili yobukrakra beehops.
I-sedation kunye noncedo lokulala: I-Humulone kwi-hops inokubophelela kwi-GABA receptors, ukunciphisa ixhala kunye nokukhuthaza ukulala. I-GABA kwi-hops inokunyusa umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter GABA, ngaloo ndlela inqanda inkqubo ye-nervous central. Uvavanyo lwemodeli yezilwanyana lubonisa ukuba i-2-milligram concentration ye-hop extract inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wasebusuku kwisigqi se-circadian. Ukuqukumbela, isiphumo se-sedative se-hops senziwa ngumsebenzi ophuculweyo we-GABA receptors, ezijongene nokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-synaptic kwingqondo. Okwangoku, abantu bahlala bedibanisa iihops kunye ne-valerian ukwenza iti epholileyo.
I-Antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory effects: I-Hops iqulethe i-biomolecules ene-antioxidant ephezulu efana ne-flavonols, i-rutin (i-quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), kunye ne-astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umonakalo kwiintlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo. Ukongezelela, i-xanthol kwi-hops inokuphelisa i-radicals yamahhala, inqanda indlela ye-NF-κB, kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo (okufana ne-arthritis).
I-Antibacterial: Ukusukela kwi-Egypt yamandulo, iihops bezisetyenziselwa ukugcina ukutya. I-α-acid ekrakra kunye ne-β -acid kwi-hops inomsebenzi we-antibacterial kwaye inokuthintela ukukhula kwee-microorganisms ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Enterococcus faecalis, i-Staphylococcus epidermococcus, i-Streptococcus mutans kunye ne-Gram-positive bacteria. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni ibhiya ngokwembali ibikhuselekile kunamanzi okusela. Ukongeza kwi-antibacterial properties, i-alpha-acid ikwanceda ukugcina uzinzo lwe-foam yebhiya.
Ukuxhasa impilo yabasetyhini: I-Hop isoprenylnaringin (ephuma kwi-fulminol kunye ne-derivatives yayo) inokubuyisela ukuhla kwe-17-β -estradiol amanqanaba ngexesha lokumisa. Amalungiselelo eHop aqukethe i-8-isoprenylnaringin, enye ye-phytoestrogens enamandla eyaziwayo kwizityalo. Amalungiselelo eHop angasetyenziselwa indawo yendalo ye-phytoestrogens ngexesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni kwabasetyhini ukukhulula ukukhanya okutshisayo, ukuphuthelwa kunye nokuguquka kwemizwelo. Uphononongo olubandakanya abasetyhini abangama-63 lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamalungiselelo e-hop kunokunciphisa iimpawu ze-vasomotor ezinxulumene nokuyeka ukuya exesheni kunye nobushushu obutshisayo.
Ukukhusela imithambo-luvo: Uphando lufumanise ukuba i-hop terpenes inokungena kumqobo wengqondo-gazi, ikhusele imithambo-luvo, ibonelele ngokhuseleko oluchasene nokudumba kwengqondo, kwaye inciphise uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Olunye uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba i-hop isoalphaic acid inokuphucula inkumbulo exhomekeke kwi-hippocampal kunye nemisebenzi yengqondo enxulumene ne-cortex yangaphambili ngokuvula ukuhanjiswa kwe-dopamine neural. I-asidi ekrakra kwi-hops inokuphucula ukusebenza kwememori ngokusebenzisa indlela edibeneyo yi-norepinephrine neurotransmission. I-Hop isoalphaic acid inokunciphisa i-neuroinflammation kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zesifo se-rodent neurodegenerative, kubandakanya nesifo se-Alzheimer.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kweehops
Idatha ye-Mordor ibonisa ukuba ubungakanani bemakethi ye-hop buqikelelwa kwi-9.18 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2025 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifike kwi-12.69 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2030, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-6.70% ngexesha loqikelelo (2025-2030). Iqhutywa kukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwebhiya, umkhwa wokwenza ibhiya kunye nophuhliso lweentlobo ezintsha zehop, imarike yehop kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ukukhula.
Impilo entle nje
I-capsule ye-hop yemifuno isungulwe. Le mveliso inefuthe le-sedative kwaye inceda ngokulala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-24-2025