I-Sophora japonica, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthi we-pagoda, imi njengenye yeentlobo zemithi yakudala eTshayina. Iirekhodi zembali ezivela kwi-pre-Qin classic Shan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) zichaza ukuxhaphaka kwayo, ziphawula amabinzana anjengelithi "iNtaba iShou izele yimithi ye-sophora" kunye "namahlathi eNtaba iLi atyebile yi-sophora." Ezi ngxelo zityhila ukukhula kwendalo komthi kulo lonke elaseTshayina ukususela mandulo.
Njengophawu lwezityalo olusekelwe nzulu kwisithethe, i-sophora iye yahlakulela ilifa lenkcubeko elityebileyo. Ihlonitshwa ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo okumangalisayo kunye nokunxibelelana nokuba luncedo ngokusemthethweni, ikhuthaze izizukulwana zabafundi. Kwizithethe zabantu, umthi ukholelwa ukuba ugxotha imimoya emibi, ngelixa amagqabi awo, iintyatyambo kunye neembotyi zawo sele zisetyenziswa kumayeza esintu ixesha elide.
Ngowama-2002, iintyatyambo ze-sophora (huaihua) kunye namahlumela (huaimi) zaqatshelwa ngokusesikweni yiSebe lezeMpilo laseTshayina njengezinto ezisetyenziselwa amayeza kunye nokupheka (uxwebhu No. [2002]51), nto leyo ebonisa ukuba zibandakanyiwe phakathi kweqela lokuqala lezixhobo ze-yao shi tong yuan (i-homology yamayeza okutya) zesizwe.
Iprofayili yezityalo
Igama lesayensi: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Umthi ovuthuluka amagqabi kusapho lweFabaceae, i-sophora inexolo elingwevu elimnyama, amagqabi axineneyo, kunye namagqabi aqinileyo. Iintyatyambo zayo ezinevumba elimnandi, ezimthubi-khrimu ziyadubula ehlotyeni, zilandelwe ziipods ezithambileyo, ezifana neebhidi ezixhonywa kumasebe.
I-China ineentlobo ezimbini eziphambili: i-Styphnolobium japonicum (i-Chinese sophora) kunye ne-Robinia pseudoacacia (i-black locust okanye "i-foreign sophora") engenisiweyo, eyangeniswa ngenkulungwane ye-19. Nangona zifana ngokubonakalayo, zahlukile kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa ngazo—iintyatyambo ze-black locust zihlala zityiwa njengokutya, ngelixa iintyatyambo zeentlobo zemveli zixabisa kakhulu amayeza ngenxa yobuninzi bezinto eziphilayo.
Ukwahluka: Iintyatyambo vs. Amahlumela
Amagama athi huaihua kunye nelithi huaimi abhekisa kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso:
- Huaihua: Iintyatyambo ezityatyambileyo ngokupheleleyo
- Huaimi: Iintyatyambo ezingavulwanga
Nangona amaxesha okuvuna ahlukeneyo, zombini zihlala zibekwe phantsi "kweentyatyambo ze-sophora" xa zisetyenziswa ngokwenene.
—
Izicelo Zezonyango Zembali
Amayeza emveli aseTshayina ahlula iintyatyambo zesophora njengezinto ezipholisa isibindi. I-Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) ithi: "Iintyatyambo zeSophora zisebenza kwizakhi zegazi zeYangming kunye neJueyin meridians, ngaloo ndlela zinyanga izifo ezinxulumene noko."
—
Iingqiqo Zesayensi Zanamhlanje
Uphando lwangoku luchonga izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzisanayo kwiintyatyambo nakwiintyatyambo, kuquka i-triterpenoid saponins, ii-flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), ii-fatty acids, ii-tannins, ii-alkaloids, kunye nee-polysaccharides. Iziphumo eziphambili:
1. Indlu enamandla ye-Antioxidant
Iiflavonoids ezifana ne-rutin kunye ne-quercetin zibonisa amandla anamandla okuhlutha ii-free radicals.
- Amahlumela aqulathe ii-phenolics kunye nee-flavonoids eziphezulu ngama-20-30% kuneentyatyambo ezivulekileyo.
- I-Quercetin ibonisa iziphumo ze-antioxidant ezixhomekeke kwidosi ngokulawulwa kwe-glutathione kunye ne-ROS neutralization.
2. Inkxaso yentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi
- Ithintela ukuhlanganiswa kweeplatelet (kunciphisa umngcipheko westroke) nge-quercetin kunye ne-rutin.
- Ikhusela ii-erythrocytes kumonakalo we-oxidative, igcina impilo yemithambo yegazi.
3. Iimpawu zokungangenisi iGlycation
- Ithintela ukwakheka kweemveliso zokugqibela ze-glycation (AGEs) eziphambili ngama-76.85% kwiimodeli ze-zebrafish.
- Ilwa nokwaluphala kolusu kunye neengxaki zeswekile ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokuthintela ulusu ukuba lungakhuli.
4. Iziphumo zokukhusela i-Neuroprotective
- Yehlisa iindawo ze-cerebral infarction kwiimodeli ze-rodent stroke ngama-40-50%.
- Ithintela ukusebenza kwe-microglial kunye ne-pro-inflammatory cytokines (umz., IL-1β), inciphisa ukufa kwe-neuronal.
Iinguqu zeMarike kunye nezicelo
Imakethi yehlabathi ye-sophora extracts, exabisa i-$202 yezigidi ngo-2025, kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-$379 yezigidi ngo-2033 (8.2% CAGR). Ukwandiswa kwexesha lezicelo:
- Amayeza: Iiarhente ze-Hemostatic, iifomyula ezichasene nokuvuvukala
- I-Nutraceuticals: Izongezo ze-Antioxidant, abalawuli beswekile egazini
- Izinto zokuthambisa: Iiserum ezilwa nokwaluphala, iikhrimu ezikhanyisayo
- Ishishini lokutya: Izithako ezisebenzayo, iti yemifuno
—
Ityala lemifanekiso: Pixabay
Iingxelo zeSayensi:
- Ijenali ye-Ethnopharmacology (2023) malunga neendlela zokulwa ne-antioxidant
- I-Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022) echaza iindlela zokukhusela imithambo-luvo
- Uhlalutyo lweshishini loPhando lweMarike yoQondo (2024)
—
Amanqaku okuphucula:
- Amagama obuchwephesha agcinwa ukuze achaneke ngelixa kuchazwa ngokutsha izakhiwo zezivakalisi
- Iingcaphuno zembali zichazwe ngamanye amazwi ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphindaphinda ngokoqobo
- Amanqaku edatha aphinde aqondwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezicatshulwa zophando lwanamhlanje
- Izibalo zeMarike ezivezwa ngeepateni ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kwezinto
Ixesha leposi: Juni-18-2025